2 Samuel 5:1--10:19
Konteks5:1 All the tribes of Israel came to David at Hebron saying, “Look, we are your very flesh and blood! 1 5:2 In the past, when Saul was our king, you were the real leader in Israel. 2 The Lord said to you, ‘You will shepherd my people Israel; you will rule over Israel.’”
5:3 When all the leaders 3 of Israel came to the king at Hebron, King David made an agreement with them 4 in Hebron before the Lord. They designated 5 David as king over Israel. 5:4 David was thirty years old when he began to reign and he reigned for forty years. 5:5 In Hebron he reigned over Judah for seven years and six months, and in Jerusalem 6 he reigned for thirty-three years over all Israel and Judah.
5:6 Then the king and his men advanced to Jerusalem 7 against the Jebusites who lived in the land. The Jebusites 8 said to David, “You cannot invade this place! Even the blind and the lame will turn you back, saying, ‘David cannot invade this place!’”
5:7 But David captured the fortress of Zion (that is, the city of David). 5:8 David said on that day, “Whoever attacks the Jebusites must approach the ‘lame’ and the ‘blind’ who are David’s enemies 9 by going through the water tunnel.” 10 For this reason it is said, “The blind and the lame cannot enter the palace.” 11
5:9 So David lived in the fortress and called it the City of David. David built all around it, from the terrace inwards. 5:10 David’s power grew steadily, for the Lord God 12 who commands armies 13 was with him. 14
5:11 King Hiram of Tyre 15 sent messengers to David, along with cedar logs, carpenters, and stonemasons. They built a palace 16 for David. 5:12 David realized that the Lord had established him as king over Israel and that he had elevated his kingdom for the sake of his people Israel. 5:13 David married more concubines and wives from Jerusalem after he arrived from Hebron. Even more sons and daughters were born to David. 5:14 These are the names of children born to him in Jerusalem: Shammua, Shobab, Nathan, Solomon, 5:15 Ibhar, Elishua, Nepheg, Japhia, 5:16 Elishama, Eliada, and Eliphelet.
5:17 When the Philistines heard that David had been designated 17 king over Israel, they all 18 went up to search for David. When David heard about it, he went down to the fortress. 5:18 Now the Philistines had arrived and spread out in the valley of Rephaim. 5:19 So David asked the Lord, “Should I march up against the Philistines? Will you hand them over to me?” The Lord said to David, “March up, for I will indeed 19 hand the Philistines over to you.”
5:20 So David marched against Baal Perazim and defeated them there. Then he said, “The Lord has burst out against my enemies like water bursts out.” So he called the name of that place Baal Perazim. 20 5:21 The Philistines 21 abandoned their idols 22 there, and David and his men picked them up.
5:22 The Philistines again came up and spread out in the valley of Rephaim. 5:23 So David asked the Lord what he should do. 23 This time 24 the Lord 25 said to him, “Don’t march straight up. Instead, circle around behind them and come against them opposite the trees. 26 5:24 When you hear the sound of marching in the tops of the trees, act decisively. For at that moment the Lord is going before you to strike down the army 27 of the Philistines.” 5:25 David did just as the Lord commanded him, and he struck down the Philistines from Gibeon all the way to Gezer. 28
6:1 David again assembled 29 all the best 30 men in Israel, thirty thousand in number. 6:2 David and all the men who were with him traveled 31 to 32 Baalah 33 in Judah to bring up from there the ark of God which is called by the name 34 of the Lord of hosts, who sits enthroned between the cherubim that are on it. 6:3 They loaded the ark of God on a new cart and carried it from the house of Abinadab, which was on the hill. Uzzah and Ahio, the sons of Abinadab, were guiding the new cart. 6:4 They brought 35 it with the ark of God up from the house of Abinadab on the hill. Ahio was walking in front of the ark, 6:5 while David and all Israel 36 were energetically celebrating before the Lord, singing 37 and playing various stringed instruments, 38 tambourines, rattles, 39 and cymbals.
6:6 When they arrived at the threshing floor of Nacon, 40 Uzzah reached out and grabbed hold of 41 the ark of God, 42 because the oxen stumbled. 6:7 The Lord was so furious with Uzzah, 43 he 44 killed him on the spot 45 for his negligence. 46 He died right there beside the ark of God.
6:8 David was angry because the Lord attacked 47 Uzzah; so he called that place Perez Uzzah, 48 which remains its name to this very day. 6:9 David was afraid of the Lord that day and said, “How will the ark of the Lord ever come to me?” 6:10 So David was no longer willing to bring the ark of the Lord to be with him in the City of David. David left it in the house of Obed-Edom the Gittite. 6:11 The ark of the Lord remained in the house of Obed-Edom the Gittite for three months. The Lord blessed Obed-Edom and all his family. 49 6:12 David was told, 50 “The Lord has blessed the family of Obed-Edom and everything he owns because of the ark of God.” So David went and joyfully brought the ark of God from the house of Obed-Edom to the City of David. 6:13 Those who carried the ark of the Lord took six steps and then David 51 sacrificed an ox and a fatling calf. 6:14 Now David, wearing a linen ephod, was dancing with all his strength before the Lord. 52 6:15 David and all Israel 53 were bringing up the ark of the Lord, shouting and blowing trumpets. 54
6:16 As the ark of the Lord entered the City of David, Saul’s daughter Michal looked out the window. When she saw King David leaping and dancing before the Lord, she despised him. 55 6:17 They brought the ark of the Lord and put it in its place 56 in the middle of the tent that David had pitched for it. Then David offered burnt sacrifices and peace offerings before the Lord. 6:18 When David finished offering the burnt sacrifices and peace offerings, he pronounced a blessing over the people in the name of the Lord of hosts. 6:19 He then handed out to each member of the entire assembly of Israel, 57 both men and women, a portion of bread, a date cake, 58 and a raisin cake. Then all the people went home. 59 6:20 When David went home to pronounce a blessing on his own house, 60 Michal, Saul’s daughter, came out to meet him. 61 She said, “How the king of Israel has distinguished 62 himself this day! He has exposed himself today before his servants’ slave girls the way a vulgar fool 63 might do!”
6:21 David replied to Michal, “It was before the Lord! I was celebrating before the Lord, who chose me over your father and his entire family 64 and appointed me as leader over the Lord’s people Israel. 6:22 I am willing to shame and humiliate myself even more than this! 65 But with the slave girls whom you mentioned let me be distinguished!” 6:23 Now Michal, Saul’s daughter, had no children to the day of her death.
7:1 The king settled into his palace, 66 for the Lord gave him relief 67 from all his enemies on all sides. 68 7:2 The king said to Nathan the prophet, “Look! I am living in a palace made from cedar, while the ark of God sits in the middle of a tent.” 7:3 Nathan replied to the king, “You should go 69 and do whatever you have in mind, 70 for the Lord is with you.” 7:4 That night the Lord told Nathan, 71 7:5 “Go, tell my servant David: ‘This is what the Lord says: Do you really intend to build a house for me to live in? 7:6 I have not lived in a house from the time I brought the Israelites up from Egypt to the present day. Instead, I was traveling with them and living in a tent. 72 7:7 Wherever I moved among all the Israelites, I did not say 73 to any of the leaders 74 whom I appointed to care for 75 my people Israel, “Why have you not built me a house made from cedar?”’
7:8 “So now, say this to my servant David: ‘This is what the Lord of hosts says: I took you from the pasture and from your work as a shepherd 76 to make you leader of my people Israel. 7:9 I was with you wherever you went, and I defeated 77 all your enemies before you. Now I will make you as famous as the great men of the earth. 78 7:10 I will establish a place for my people Israel and settle 79 them there; they will live there and not be disturbed 80 any more. Violent men 81 will not oppress them again, as they did in the beginning 7:11 and during the time when I appointed judges to lead my people Israel. Instead, I will give you relief 82 from all your enemies. The Lord declares 83 to you that he himself 84 will build a dynastic house 85 for you. 7:12 When the time comes for you to die, 86 I will raise up your descendant, one of your own sons, to succeed you, 87 and I will establish his kingdom. 7:13 He will build a house for my name, and I will make his dynasty permanent. 88 7:14 I will become his father and he will become my son. When he sins, I will correct him with the rod of men and with wounds inflicted by human beings. 7:15 But my loyal love will not be removed from him as I removed it from Saul, whom I removed from before you. 7:16 Your house and your kingdom will stand before me 89 permanently; your dynasty 90 will be permanent.’” 7:17 Nathan told David all these words that were revealed to him. 91
7:18 King David went in, sat before the Lord, and said, “Who am I, O Lord God, and what is my family, 92 that you should have brought me to this point? 7:19 And you didn’t stop there, O Lord God! You have also spoken about the future of your servant’s family. 93 Is this your usual way of dealing with men, 94 O Lord God? 7:20 What more can David say to you? You have given your servant special recognition, 95 O Lord God! 7:21 For the sake of your promise and according to your purpose 96 you have done this great thing in order to reveal it to your servant. 97 7:22 Therefore you are great, O Lord God, for there is none like you! There is no God besides you! What we have heard is true! 98 7:23 Who is like your people, Israel, a unique nation 99 on the earth? Their God 100 went 101 to claim 102 a nation for himself and to make a name for himself! You did great and awesome acts for your land, 103 before your people whom you delivered for yourself from the Egyptian empire and its gods. 104 7:24 You made Israel your very own people for all time. 105 You, O Lord, became their God. 7:25 So now, O Lord God, make this promise you have made about your servant and his family a permanent reality. 106 Do as you promised, 107 7:26 so you may gain lasting fame, 108 as people say, 109 ‘The Lord of hosts is God over Israel!’ The dynasty 110 of your servant David will be established before you, 7:27 for you, O Lord of hosts, the God of Israel, have told 111 your servant, ‘I will build you a dynastic house.’ 112 That is why your servant has had the courage 113 to pray this prayer to you. 7:28 Now, O sovereign Lord, you are the true God! 114 May your words prove to be true! 115 You have made this good promise to your servant! 116 7:29 Now be willing to bless your servant’s dynasty 117 so that it may stand permanently before you, for you, O sovereign Lord, have spoken. By your blessing may your servant’s dynasty be blessed on into the future!” 118
8:1 Later David defeated the Philistines and subdued them. David took Metheg Ammah 119 from the Philistines. 120 8:2 He defeated the Moabites. He made them lie on the ground and then used a rope to measure them off. He put two-thirds of them to death and spared the other third. 121 The Moabites became David’s subjects and brought tribute. 122 8:3 David defeated King Hadadezer son of Rehob of Zobah when he came to reestablish 123 his authority 124 over the Euphrates 125 River. 8:4 David seized from him 1,700 charioteers 126 and 20,000 infantrymen. David cut the hamstrings of all but a hundred of the chariot horses. 127 8:5 The Arameans of Damascus came to help King Hadadezer of Zobah, but David killed 22,000 of the Arameans. 8:6 David placed garrisons in the territory of the Arameans of Damascus; the Arameans became David’s subjects and brought tribute. The Lord protected 128 David wherever he campaigned. 129 8:7 David took the golden shields that belonged to Hadadezer’s servants and brought them to Jerusalem. 130 8:8 From Tebah 131 and Berothai, Hadadezer’s cities, King David took a great deal of bronze.
8:9 When King Toi 132 of Hamath heard that David had defeated the entire army of Hadadezer, 8:10 he 133 sent his son Joram 134 to King David to extend his best wishes 135 and to pronounce a blessing on him for his victory over Hadadezer, for Toi had been at war with Hadadezer. 136 He brought with him various items made of silver, gold, and bronze. 137 8:11 King David dedicated these things to the Lord, 138 along with the dedicated silver and gold that he had taken from 139 all the nations that he had subdued, 8:12 including 140 Aram, 141 Moab, the Ammonites, the Philistines, and Amelek. This also included some of the plunder taken from 142 King Hadadezer son of Rehob of Zobah.
8:13 David became famous 143 when he returned from defeating the Arameans 144 in the Valley of Salt, he defeated 145 18,000 in all. 8:14 He placed garrisons throughout Edom, 146 and all the Edomites became David’s subjects. The Lord protected David wherever he campaigned. 8:15 David reigned over all Israel; he guaranteed justice for all his people. 147
8:16 Joab son of Zeruiah was general in command of 148 the army; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was secretary; 8:17 Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar 149 were priests; Seraiah was scribe; 8:18 Benaiah son of Jehoida supervised 150 the Kerithites and Pelethites; and David’s sons were priests. 151
9:1 152 Then David asked, “Is anyone still left from the family 153 of Saul, so that I may extend kindness to him for the sake of Jonathan?”
9:2 Now there was a servant from Saul’s house named Ziba, so he was summoned to David. The king asked him, “Are you Ziba?” He replied, “At your service.” 154 9:3 The king asked, “Is there not someone left from Saul’s family, 155 that I may extend God’s kindness to him?” Ziba said to the king, “One of Jonathan’s sons is left; both of his feet are crippled.” 9:4 The king asked him, “Where is he?” Ziba told the king, “He is at the house of Makir son of Ammiel in Lo Debar.
9:5 So King David had him brought 156 from the house of Makir son of Ammiel in 157 Lo Debar. 9:6 When Mephibosheth son of Jonathan, the son of Saul, came to David, he bowed low with his face toward the ground. 158 David said, “Mephibosheth?” He replied, “Yes, at your service.” 159
9:7 David said to him, “Don’t be afraid, because I will certainly extend kindness to you for the sake of Jonathan your father. You will be a regular guest at my table.” 160 9:8 Then Mephibosheth 161 bowed and said, “Of what importance am I, your servant, that you show regard for a dead dog like me?” 162
9:9 Then the king summoned Ziba, Saul’s attendant, and said to him, “Everything that belonged to Saul and to his entire house I hereby give to your master’s grandson. 9:10 You will cultivate 163 the land for him – you and your sons and your servants. You will bring its produce 164 and it will be 165 food for your master’s grandson to eat. 166 But Mephibosheth, your master’s grandson, will be a regular guest at my table.” (Now Ziba had fifteen sons and twenty servants.)
9:11 Ziba said to the king, “Your servant will do everything that my lord the king has instructed his servant to do.” So Mephibosheth was a regular guest 167 at David’s table, 168 just as though he were one of the king’s sons.
9:12 Now Mephibosheth had a young son whose name was Mica. All the members of Ziba’s household were Mephibosheth’s servants. 9:13 Mephibosheth was living in Jerusalem, 169 for he was a regular guest at the king’s table. But both his feet were crippled.
10:1 Later the king of the Ammonites died and his son Hanun succeeded him. 170 10:2 David said, “I will express my loyalty 171 to Hanun son of Nahash just as his father was loyal 172 to me.” So David sent his servants with a message expressing sympathy over his father’s death. 173 When David’s servants entered the land of the Ammonites, 10:3 the Ammonite officials said to their lord Hanun, “Do you really think David is trying to honor your father by sending these messengers to express his sympathy? 174 No, David has sent his servants to you to get information about the city and spy on it so they can overthrow it!” 175
10:4 So Hanun seized David’s servants and shaved off half of each one’s beard. He cut the lower part of their robes off so that their buttocks were exposed, 176 and then sent them away. 10:5 Messengers 177 told David what had happened, 178 so he summoned them, for the men were thoroughly humiliated. The king said, “Stay in Jericho 179 until your beards have grown again; then you may come back.”
10:6 When the Ammonites realized that David was disgusted with them, 180 they 181 sent and hired 20,000 foot soldiers from Aram Beth Rehob and Aram Zobah, 182 in addition to 1,000 men from the king of Maacah and 12,000 men from Ish-tob. 183
10:7 When David heard the news, he sent Joab and the entire army to meet them. 184 10:8 The Ammonites marched out and were deployed for battle at the entrance of the city gate, while the men from Aram Zobah, Rehob, Ish-tob, and Maacah were by themselves in the field.
10:9 When Joab saw that the battle would be fought on two fronts, he chose some of Israel’s best men and deployed them against the Arameans. 185 10:10 He put his brother Abishai in charge of the rest of the army 186 and they were deployed 187 against the Ammonites. 10:11 Joab 188 said, “If the Arameans start to overpower me, 189 you come to my rescue. If the Ammonites start to overpower you, 190 I will come to your rescue. 10:12 Be strong! Let’s fight bravely for the sake of our people and the cities of our God! The Lord will do what he decides is best!” 191
10:13 So Joab and his men 192 marched out to do battle with the Arameans, and they fled before him. 10:14 When the Ammonites saw the Arameans flee, they fled before his brother Abishai and went into the city. Joab withdrew from fighting the Ammonites and returned to 193 Jerusalem. 194
10:15 When the Arameans realized that they had been defeated by Israel, they consolidated their forces. 195 10:16 Then Hadadezer sent for Arameans from 196 beyond the Euphrates River, 197 and they came to Helam. Shobach, the general in command of Hadadezer’s army, led them. 198
10:17 When David was informed, he gathered all Israel, crossed the Jordan River, 199 and came to Helam. The Arameans deployed their forces against David and fought with him. 10:18 The Arameans fled before Israel. David killed 700 Aramean charioteers and 40,000 foot soldiers. 200 He also struck down Shobach, the general in command of the army, who died there. 10:19 When all the kings who were subject to Hadadezer 201 saw they were defeated by Israel, they made peace with Israel and became subjects of Israel. 202 The Arameans were no longer willing to help the Ammonites.
[5:1] 1 tn Heb “look we are your bone and your flesh.”
[5:2] 2 tn Heb “you were the one leading out and the one leading in Israel.”
[5:3] 4 tn Heb “and the king, David, cut for them a covenant.”
[5:5] 6 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[5:6] 7 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[5:6] 8 tn The Hebrew text has “he” rather than “the Jebusites.” The referent has been specified in the translation for clarity. In the Syriac Peshitta and some
[5:8] 9 tc There is some confusion among the witnesses concerning this word. The Kethib is the Qal perfect 3cp שָׂנְאוּ (sanÿ’u, “they hated”), referring to the Jebusites’ attitude toward David. The Qere is the Qal passive participle construct plural שְׂנֻאֵי (sÿnu’e, “hated”), referring to David’s attitude toward the Jebusites. 4QSama has the Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular שָׂנְאָה (sanÿ’ah, “hated”), the subject of which would be “the soul of David.” The difference is minor and the translation adopted above works for either the Kethib or the Qere.
[5:8] 10 tn The meaning of the Hebrew term has been debated. For a survey of various views, see P. K. McCarter, II Samuel (AB), 139-40.
[5:8] sn If a water tunnel is in view here, it is probably the so-called Warren’s Shaft that extends up from Hezekiah’s tunnel. It would have provided a means for surprise attack against the occupants of the city of David. The LXX seems not to understand the reference here, translating “by the water shaft” as “with a small knife.”
[5:8] 11 tn Heb “the house.” TEV takes this as a reference to the temple (“the Lord’s house”).
[5:10] 12 tc 4QSama and the LXX lack the word “God,” probably due to harmonization with the more common biblical phrase “the
[5:10] 13 tn Traditionally, “the
[5:10] 14 tn The translation assumes that the disjunctive clause is circumstantial-causal, giving the reason for David’s success.
[5:11] 15 map For location see Map1 A2; Map2 G2; Map4 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.
[5:17] 18 tn Heb “all the Philistines.”
[5:19] 19 tn The infinitive absolute lends emphasis to the following verb.
[5:20] 20 tn The name means “Lord of the outbursts.”
[5:21] 21 tn Heb “they”; the referent (the Philistines) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[5:21] 22 tc For “idols” the LXX and Vulgate have “gods.”
[5:23] 23 tn The words “what to do” are not in the Hebrew text.
[5:23] 24 tn The words “this time” are not in the Hebrew text.
[5:23] 25 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the
[5:23] 26 tn Some translate as “balsam trees” (cf. NASB, NIV, NRSV, NJB, NLT); cf. KJV, NKJV, ASV “mulberry trees”; NAB “mastic trees”; NEB, REB “aspens.” The exact identification of the type of tree or plant is uncertain.
[5:24] 27 tn Heb “camp” (so NAB).
[5:25] 28 tn Heb “from Gibeon until you enter Gezer.”
[6:1] 29 tn The translation understands the verb to be a defective spelling of וַיְּאֱסֹף (vayyÿ’esof) due to quiescence of the letter א (alef). The root therefore is אסף (’sf, “to gather”). The Masoretes, however, pointed the verb as וַיֹּסֶף (vayyosef), understanding it to be a form of יָסַף (yasaf, “to add”). This does not fit the context, which calls for a verb of gathering.
[6:2] 31 tn Heb “arose and went.”
[6:2] 32 tn Heb “from,” but the following context indicates they traveled to this location.
[6:2] 33 tn This is another name for Kiriath-jearim (see 1 Chr 13:6).
[6:2] 34 tc The MT has here a double reference to the name (שֵׁם שֵׁם, shem shem). Many medieval Hebrew
[6:5] 36 tn Heb “all the house of Israel.”
[6:5] 37 tc Heb “were celebrating before the
[6:5] 38 tn Heb “with zithers [?] and with harps.”
[6:5] 39 tn That is, “sistrums” (so NAB, NIV); ASV, NASB, NRSV, CEV, NLT “castanets.”
[6:6] 40 tn 1 Chr 13:9 has “Kidon.”
[6:6] 42 tn Heb “and Uzzah reached out toward the ark of God and grabbed it.”
[6:7] 43 tn Heb “and the anger of the
[6:7] 45 tc Heb “there.” Since this same term occurs later in the verse it is translated “on the spot” here for stylistic reasons.
[6:7] 46 tc The phrase “his negligence” is absent from the LXX.
[6:8] 47 tn Heb “because the
[6:8] 48 sn The name Perez Uzzah means in Hebrew “the outburst [against] Uzzah.”
[6:11] 49 tn Heb “house,” both here and in v. 12.
[6:12] 50 tn Heb “and it was told to David, saying.”
[6:13] 51 tn Heb “he”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[6:14] 52 tn Heb “and David was dancing with all his strength before the
[6:15] 53 tc Heb “all the house of Israel.” A few medieval Hebrew
[6:15] 54 tn Heb “the shophar” (the ram’s horn trumpet).
[6:16] 55 tn The Hebrew text adds “in her heart.” Cf. CEV “she was disgusted (+ with him TEV)”; NLT “was filled with contempt for him”; NCV “she hated him.”
[6:17] 56 tc The Syriac Peshitta lacks “in its place.”
[6:19] 57 tn Heb “to all the people, to all the throng of Israel.”
[6:19] 58 tn The Hebrew word used here אֶשְׁפָּר (’espar) is found in the OT only here and in the parallel passage found in 1 Chr 16:3. Its exact meaning is uncertain, although the context indicates that it was a food of some sort (cf. KJV “a good piece of flesh”; NRSV “a portion of meat”). The translation adopted here (“date cake”) follows the lead of the Greek translations of the LXX, Aquila, and Symmachus (cf. NASB, NIV, NLT).
[6:19] 59 tn Heb “and all the people went, each to his house.”
[6:20] 60 tn Heb “and David returned to bless his house.”
[6:20] 61 tn Heb “David.” The name has been replaced by the pronoun (“him”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[6:20] 63 tn Heb “one of the foolish ones.”
[6:21] 64 tn Heb “all his house”; CEV “anyone else in your family.”
[6:22] 65 tn Heb “and I will shame myself still more than this and I will be lowly in my eyes.”
[7:1] 66 tn Heb “house” (also in the following verse).
[7:1] 68 tn The translation understands the disjunctive clause in v. 1b as circumstantial-causal.
[7:3] 69 tc Several medieval Hebrew
[7:3] 70 tn Heb “all that is in your heart.”
[7:4] 71 tn Heb “the word of the
[7:6] 72 tn Heb “in a tent and in a dwelling.” The expression is a hendiadys, using two terms to express one idea.
[7:7] 73 tn Heb “Did I speak a word?” In the Hebrew text the statement is phrased as a rhetorical question.
[7:7] 74 tn Heb “tribes” (so KJV, NASB, NCV), but the parallel passage in 1 Chr 17:6 has “judges.”
[7:7] 75 tn Heb “whom I commanded to shepherd” (so NIV, NRSV).
[7:8] 76 tn Heb “and from after the sheep.”
[7:9] 78 tn Heb “and I will make for you a great name like the name of the great ones who are in the earth.”
[7:10] 81 tn Heb “the sons of violence.”
[7:11] 83 tn In the Hebrew text the verb is apparently perfect with vav consecutive, which would normally suggest a future sense (“he will declare”; so the LXX, ἀπαγγελεῖ [apangelei]). But the context seems instead to call for a present or past nuance (“he declares” or “he has declared”). The synoptic passage in 1 Chr 17:10 has וָאַגִּד (va’aggid, “and I declared”). The construction used in 2 Sam 7:11 highlights this important statement.
[7:11] 85 tn Heb “house,” but used here in a metaphorical sense, referring to a royal dynasty. Here the
[7:12] 86 tn Heb, “when your days are full and you lie down with your ancestors.”
[7:12] 87 tn Heb “your seed after you who comes out from your insides.”
[7:13] 88 tn Heb “and I will establish the throne of his kingdom permanently.”
[7:16] 89 tc Heb “before you.” A few medieval Hebrew
[7:17] 91 tn Heb “according to all these words and according to all this revelation, so Nathan said to David.”
[7:19] 93 tn Heb “and this was small in your eyes, O
[7:19] 94 tn Heb “and this [is] the law of man”; KJV “is this the manner of man, O Lord God?”; NAB “this too you have shown to man”; NRSV “May this be instruction for the people, O Lord God!” This part of the verse is very enigmatic; no completely satisfying solution has yet been suggested. The present translation tries to make sense of the MT by understanding the phrase as a question that underscores the uniqueness of God’s dealings with David as described here. The parallel passage in 1 Chr 17:17 reads differently (see the note there).
[7:20] 95 tn Heb “and you know your servant.” The verb here refers to recognizing another in a special way and giving them special treatment (see 1 Chr 17:18). Some English versions take this to refer to the Lord’s knowledge of David himself: CEV “you know my thoughts”; NLT “know what I am really like.”
[7:21] 96 tn Heb “for the sake of your word and according to your heart.”
[7:21] 97 tn Heb “to make known, your servant.”
[7:22] 98 tn Heb “in all which we heard with our ears.” The phrase translated “in all” בְּכֹל (bÿkhol) should probably be emended to “according to all” כְּכֹל (kÿkhol).
[7:23] 99 tn Heb “a nation, one.”
[7:23] 100 tn Heb “whose God” or “because God.” In the Hebrew text this clause is subordinated to what precedes. The clauses are separated in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[7:23] 101 tn The verb is plural in Hebrew, agreeing grammatically with the divine name, which is a plural of degree.
[7:23] 103 tn Heb “and to do for you [plural form] the great [thing] and awesome [things] for your land.”
[7:23] 104 tn Heb “from Egypt, nations and their gods.” The LXX has “nations and tents,” which reflects a mistaken metathesis of letters in אֶלֹהָיו (e’lohav, “its gods”) and אֹהָלָיו (’ohalav, “its tents”).
[7:24] 105 tn Heb “and you established for yourself your people Israel for yourself for a people permanently.”
[7:25] 106 tn Heb “and now, O
[7:25] 107 tn Heb “as you have spoken.”
[7:26] 108 tn Heb “and your name might be great permanently.” Following the imperative in v. 23b, the prefixed verbal form with vav conjunctive indicates purpose/result.
[7:26] 109 tn Heb “saying.” The words “as people” are supplied in the translation for clarification and stylistic reasons.
[7:26] 110 tn Heb “the house.” See the note on “dynastic house” in the following verse.
[7:27] 111 tn Heb “have uncovered the ear of.”
[7:27] 112 tn Heb “a house.” This maintains the wordplay from v. 11 (see the note on the word “house” there) and is continued in v. 29.
[7:27] 113 tn Heb “has found his heart.”
[7:28] 114 tn Heb “the God.” The article indicates uniqueness here.
[7:28] 115 tn The translation understands the prefixed verb form as a jussive, indicating David’s wish/prayer. Another option is to take the form as an imperfect and translate “your words are true.”
[7:28] 116 tn Heb “and you have spoken to your servant this good thing.”
[7:29] 117 tn Heb “house” (again later in this verse). See the note on “dynastic house” in v. 27.
[7:29] 118 tn Or “permanently”; cf. NLT “it is an eternal blessing.”
[8:1] 119 tn Heb “the bridle of one cubit.” Many English versions treat this as a place name because the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:1 reads “Gath” (which is used by NLT here). It is possible that “the bridle of one cubit” is to be understood as “the token of surrender,” referring to the Philistine’s defeat rather than a specific place (cf. TEV, CEV).
[8:1] 120 tn Heb “from the hand [i.e., control] of the Philistines.”
[8:2] 121 tn Heb “and he measured [with] two [lengths] of rope to put to death and [with] the fullness of the rope to keep alive.”
[8:2] 122 tn Heb “and the Moabites were servants of David, carriers of tribute.”
[8:3] 123 tc The LXX has ἐπιστῆσαι (episthsai, “cause to stand”). See the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:3.
[8:3] 125 tn The MT does not have the name “Euphrates” in the text. It is supplied in the margin (Qere) as one of ten places where the Masoretes believed that something was “to be read although it was not written” in the text as they had received it. The ancient versions (LXX, Syriac Peshitta, Vulgate) include the word. See also the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:3.
[8:4] 126 tc The LXX has “one thousand chariots and seven thousand charioteers,” a reading adopted in the text of the NIV. See the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:4.
[8:4] 127 tn Heb “and David cut the hamstrings of all the chariot horses, and he left from them a hundred chariot horses.”
[8:6] 129 tn Or “wherever he went.”
[8:7] 130 tc The LXX includes seventeen words (in Greek) at the end of v. 7 that are not found in the MT. The LXX addition is as follows: “And Sousakim king of Egypt took them when he came up to Jerusalem in the days of Rehoboam the son of Solomon.” This Greek reading now finds Hebrew support in 4QSama. For a reconstruction of this poorly preserved Qumran text see E. C. Ulrich, Jr., The Qumran Text of Samuel and Josephus (HSM), 45-48.
[8:7] map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[8:8] 131 tn Heb “Betah” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV), but the name should probably be corrected to “Tebah.” See the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:8.
[8:9] 132 tn The name is spelled “Tou” in the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:9. NIV adopts the spelling “Tou” here.
[8:10] 133 tn Heb “Toi.” The proper name has been replaced by the pronoun in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[8:10] 134 tn The name appears as “Hadoram” in the parallel text in 1 Chr 18:10.
[8:10] 135 tn Heb “to ask concerning him for peace.”
[8:10] 136 tn Heb “and to bless him because he fought with Hadadezer and defeated him, for Hadadezer was a man of battles with Toi.”
[8:10] 137 tn Heb “and in his hand were items of silver and items of gold and items of bronze.”
[8:11] 138 tn Heb “also them King David made holy to the
[8:11] 139 tn Heb “with the silver and the gold that he had dedicated from.”
[8:12] 141 tc The present translation follows the MT; a few Hebrew
[8:12] 142 tn Heb “and from the plunder of.”
[8:13] 143 tn Heb “made a name.”
[8:13] 144 tn So NASB, NCV; NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT “Edomites” (see the note on “Aram” in v. 12).
[8:13] 145 tn The words “he defeated” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[8:14] 146 tc The MT is repetitious here: “He placed in Edom garrisons; in all Edom he placed garrisons.” The Vulgate lacks “in all Edom”; most of the Greek tradition (with the exception of the Lucianic recension and the recension of Origen) and the Syriac Peshitta lack “he placed garrisons.” The MT reading appears here to be the result of a conflation of variant readings.
[8:15] 147 tn Heb “and David was doing what is just and fair for all his people.”
[8:17] 149 tc Here Ahimelech is called “the son of Abiathar,” but NCV, CEV, and REB reverse this to conform with 1 Sam 22:20. Most recent English versions (e.g., NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT) retain the order found in the MT.
[8:18] 150 tc The translation follows the Syriac Peshitta, Targum, and Vulgate in reading “over,” rather than the simple conjunction that appears in MT. See also the parallel passage in 1 Chr 18:17.
[8:18] 151 sn That David’s sons could have been priests, in light of the fact that they were not of the priestly lineage, is strange. One must assume either (1) that the word “priest” (כֹּהֵן, kohen) during this period of time could be used in a broader sense of “chief ruler” (KJV); “chief minister” (ASV, NASB), or “royal adviser” (NIV), perhaps based on the parallel passage in 1 Chr 18:17 which has “the king’s leading officials”, or (2) that in David’s day members of the king’s family could function as a special category of “priests” (cf. NLT “priestly leaders”). The latter option seems to be the more straightforward way of understanding the word in 2 Sam 8:18.
[9:1] 152 sn 2 Samuel 9–20 is known as the Succession Narrative. It is a literary unit that describes David’s efforts at consolidating his own kingdom following the demise of King Saul; it also provides the transition to subsequent leadership on the part of David’s successor Solomon.
[9:2] 154 tn Heb “your servant.”
[9:5] 156 tn Heb “sent and took him.”
[9:6] 158 tn Heb “he fell on his face and bowed down.”
[9:6] 159 tn Heb “Look, your servant.”
[9:7] 160 tn Heb “and you will eat food over my table continually.”
[9:8] 161 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Mephibosheth) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[9:8] 162 tn Heb “What is your servant, that you turn to a dead dog which is like me?”
[9:10] 164 tn The Hebrew text implies, but does not actually contain, the words “its produce” here.
[9:10] 165 tc The words “it will be,” though present in the MT, are absent from the LXX, the Syriac Peshitta, and Vulgate.
[9:10] 166 tn Heb “and he will eat it.”
[9:11] 168 tc Heb “my table.” But the first person reference to David is awkward here since the quotation of David’s words has already been concluded in v. 10; nor does the “my” refer to Ziba, since the latter part of v. 11 does not seem to be part of Ziba’s response to the king. The ancient versions are not unanimous in the way that they render the phrase. The LXX has “the table of David” (τῆς τραπέζης Δαυιδ, th" trapezh" Dauid); the Syriac Peshitta has “the table of the king” (patureh demalka’); the Vulgate has “your table” (mensam tuam). The present translation follows the LXX.
[9:13] 169 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[10:1] 170 tn Heb “reigned in his place.”
[10:2] 171 tn Heb “do loyalty.”
[10:2] 172 tn Heb “did loyalty.”
[10:2] 173 tn Heb “and David sent to console him by the hand of his servants concerning his father.”
[10:3] 174 tn Heb “Is David honoring your father in your eyes when he sends to you ones consoling?”
[10:3] 175 tn Heb “Is it not to explore the city and to spy on it and to overthrow it [that] David has sent his servants to you?”
[10:4] 176 tn Heb “and he cut their robes in the middle unto their buttocks.”
[10:5] 177 tn Heb “they”; the referent (the messengers) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[10:5] 178 tn The words “what had happened” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[10:5] 179 map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.
[10:6] 180 tn Heb “that they were a stench [i.e., disgusting] with David.”
[10:6] 181 tn Heb “the Ammonites.”
[10:6] 182 tn Or “Arameans of Beth Rehob and Arameans of Zobah.”
[10:6] 183 tn Or perhaps “the men of Tob.” The ancient versions (the LXX, the Syriac Peshitta, and Vulgate) understand the name to be “Ish-tob.” It is possible that “Ish” is dittographic and that we should read simply “Tob,” a reading adopted by a number of recent English versions.
[10:7] 184 tn The words “the news” and “to meet them” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons and for clarification.
[10:9] 185 tn Heb “and Joab saw that the face of the battle was to him before and behind and he chose from all the best in Israel and arranged to meet Aram.”
[10:10] 187 tn Heb “he arranged.”
[10:11] 188 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Joab) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[10:11] 189 tn Heb “if Aram is stronger than me.”
[10:11] 190 tn Heb “if the sons of Ammon are stronger than you.”
[10:12] 191 tn Heb “and the
[10:13] 192 tn Heb “and the army which was with him.”
[10:14] 193 tn Heb “and Joab returned from against the sons of Ammon and entered.”
[10:14] 194 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[10:15] 195 tn Heb “were gathered together.”
[10:16] 196 tn Heb “and Hadadezer sent and brought out Aram which is.”
[10:16] 197 tn Heb “from beyond the River.” The name “Euphrates” has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
[10:16] 198 tn Heb “was before them.”
[10:17] 199 tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
[10:18] 200 tn Heb “horsemen” (so KJV, NASB, NCV, NRSV, NLT) but the Lucianic recension of the LXX reads “foot soldiers,” as does the parallel text in 1 Chr 19:18. Cf. NAB, NIV.
